Pembuatan Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) dari Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Off Grade dengan Metode Esterifikasi dan Transesterifikasi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55893/jt.vol23no2.699Keywords:
CPO-off grade, Esterification, Transesterification, FAMEAbstract
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) or biodiesel, derived from palm oil, is a renewable fuel alternative to fossil fuels. Crude Palm Oil with high free fatty acid (FFA) content is commonly referred to as off-grade CPO. The esterification process can reduce FFA levels in off-grade CPO. Catalysts play a critical role in producing biodiesel that meets quality standards. This study examines the effect of H2SO4 and NaOH catalyst concentrations on biodiesel production. Esterification was performed using three variations of H2SO4 concentration: A=1%-mass, B=2%-mass, and C = 3%-mass. Transesterification utilized three NaOH concentrations: A=1%-mass, B=2%-mass, and C=3%-mass. Biodiesel quality was evaluated based on yield, density, kinematic viscosity, acid number, FFA, water content, and flash point. The study found that catalyst concentration significantly affects biodiesel quality. The optimal catalyst concentrations were 1%-mass for both H2SO4 and NaOH, producing biodiesel that met SNI Biodiesel 7182:2015 standards. The results included a yield of 79%, density of 861.12 kg/m³, kinematic viscosity of 4.08 mm²/s(cSt), acid number of 0.44 mg NaOH/g FAME, FFA content of 0.28%, water content of 0.028%, and flash point of 184°C.
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